 2009-10 General Catalog |
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2009-10 General Catalog |
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Spanish and PortugueseChair
Professors
Associate professors
Adjunct associate professor
Assistant professors
Visiting assistant professor
Lecturers
Undergraduate nondegree programs: Minor in Spanish, Portuguese Graduate degrees: M.A., Ph.D. in Spanish Web site: http://www.uiowa.edu/~spanport The Department of Spanish and Portuguese provides course work for undergraduate and graduate majors in Spanish or Portuguese and for the satisfaction of foreign language requirements for undergraduate and graduate degrees in other fields. It also participates in several study abroad programs. Undergraduate ProgramsThe department offers a Bachelor of Arts in Spanish and in Portuguese, and a minor in Spanish and in Portuguese. Elementary and intermediate courses in Spanish interrelate five performance goals--listening, reading, speaking, writing, and cultural knowledge--in a staged progression whose overall goal is to develop proficiency. The curriculum emphasizes acquisition of Spanish language skills in communicative contexts, enrichment of vocabulary through an introduction to Hispanic culture, and development of grammatical accuracy in speaking and writing. The beginning course in Portuguese is for students without previous study or experience with the language. There also is a special Portuguese course for students who already know Spanish. Portuguese classes provide a great deal of individual attention in an informal language-learning environment. Courses emphasize speaking, comprehending, reading, and writing Brazilian Portuguese. They incorporate cultural material in the form of videos and music. Bachelor of Arts in SpanishThe Bachelor of Arts in Spanish requires a minimum of 120 s.h., including 36 s.h. of work for the major. The program is built on course work in Spanish peninsular and Spanish American literature, Hispanic cultures, Hispanic linguistics, and advanced language skills. The goal of the major is twofold: to study content areas related to the Spanish language, such as literature, culture, and linguistics; and to develop proficiency in the Spanish language in all four skills: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Students who major in Spanish may go on to graduate study in areas such as Spanish and Spanish American literature, Hispanic linguistics, or comparative literature. They also may combine their Spanish studies with other areas to prepare for career opportunities in international business, government, travel, journalism, or communications, where knowledge of another language and other cultures is essential. The required 36 s.h. (12 courses) of work for the major must be earned in courses more advanced than those required for the General Education Program. Students complete core requirements consisting of one course from each of the principal academic areas of the department (see "Required Core" below). The remaining eight courses are electives, which may focus on one or more of the principal areas or may include a broad range of courses in the department (see "Electives" below). Spanish majors are required to take at least three courses numbered 035:170 or above. Senior Seminar (035:195) is recommended for all Spanish majors. Students also must complete the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences General Education Program. REQUIRED COREOne course in Hispanic linguistics from these:
One course in Spanish peninsular literature from these:
One course in Spanish American literature from these:
One course in culture (peninsular or Spanish American) from these:
ELECTIVES
The eight electives may include course work in Spanish language skills as well as more advanced language courses that focus on specialized language functions and purposes. They also may include courses in Portuguese or in related areas from other departments, such as history, anthropology, comparative literature, international studies, or linguistics, subject to restrictions (see "Restrictions" below). RESTRICTIONSAll course work taken for the major must be numbered 100 or above, including three numbered from 035:170 Advanced Grammar Review through 035:198 Honors: Research and Thesis A maximum of five of the following courses or equivalent transfer or study abroad courses (as determined by the department's study abroad advisor) may be applied toward the major.
Credit from 038:100 Accelerated Elementary Portuguese does not count toward the Spanish major. Of the 5 s.h. earned in 038:101 Accelerated Intermediate Portuguese, 3 s.h. may be applied toward the Spanish major. Students may count a maximum of 6 s.h. of course work in Portuguese toward the Spanish major. A maximum of 6 s.h. of related course work from outside the department may be applied toward the Spanish major. Related courses must be approved by the director of undergraduate studies and must be numbered 100 or above. For a list of approved related courses, contact the Department of Spanish and Portuguese. Students may count a maximum of 6 s.h. in courses taught in English, either in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese or in other departments, toward the Spanish major. A maximum of 15 s.h. of credit in approved courses may be transferred from other institutions toward the requirements for the major in Spanish. Advanced undergraduates preparing to earn a B.A. with honors may enroll in graduate courses with the permission of their advisor and the department chair. Ordinarily, permission is granted only to students who have completed a minimum of 30 s.h. of work for the major and whose g.p.a. in the major is 3.75 or higher. B.A. with Teacher Licensure in SpanishSpanish majors interested in teaching Spanish at the elementary and/or secondary level must successfully complete the requirements for the Spanish major as well as the requirements for teacher licensure students administered by the College of Education's Teacher Education Program in foreign language. For more information, contact the Department of Teaching and Learning. Bachelor of Arts in PortugueseThe Bachelor of Arts in Portuguese requires a minimum of 120 s.h., including at least 30 s.h. of work for the major. Portuguese is spoken in Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and Guine-Bissau. There are more speakers of Portuguese in South America than there are of Spanish. Knowledge of Portuguese and of Luso-Brazilian culture is extremely helpful for students interested in career opportunities in international business, government, or related fields. The major in Portuguese requires the following courses or their equivalents. All course work in the major must be more advanced than second-year level. Courses listed under "Prerequisites" do not count toward the 30 s.h. of work for the major. Students also must complete the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences General Education Program. PREREQUISITES
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| 038:100 Accelerated Elementary Portuguese | 5 s.h. |
One of these:
| 038:101 Accelerated Intermediate Portuguese | 5 s.h. |
| 038:102 Portuguese for Spanish Speakers | 3 s.h. |
| 038:103 Composition and Conversation | 3 s.h. |
| 038:105 Brazilian Literature Before 1900 | 3 s.h. |
| 038:106 Brazilian Literature After 1900 | 3 s.h. |
| 038:107 Introduction to Portuguese Literature | 3 s.h. |
| 038:120 Topics in Luso-Brazilian Culture | 3 s.h. |
| Portuguese courses numbered above 038:102 | 15 s.h. |
A maximum of 6 s.h. may be taken in approved courses in related areas (e.g., art, anthropology, comparative literature, geography, history, Latin American studies, linguistics, sociology, Spanish).
The following checkpoints list the minimum requirements students must complete by certain semesters in order to stay on the University's Four-Year Graduation Plan. (Courses in the major are those required to complete the major; they may be offered by departments other than the major department.)
Before the third semester begins: Intermediate Spanish I (or equivalent second-year, first-semester competence in Spanish) and at least one-quarter of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the fifth semester begins: two courses in Spanish beyond Intermediate Spanish II (or equivalent second-year, second-semester competence) and at least one-half of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the seventh semester begins: four more courses in the major and at least three-quarters of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the eighth semester begins: a total of nine courses in the major
During the eighth semester: enrollment in all remaining course work in the major, all remaining General Education courses, and a sufficient number of semester hours to graduate
Before the third semester begins: competence in first-year Portuguese and at least one-quarter of the semester hours needed for graduation
Before the fifth semester begins: competence in intermediate Portuguese and at least one-half of the semester hours needed for graduation
Before the seventh semester begins: three or four additional courses for the major and at least three-quarters of the semester hours needed for graduation
Before the eighth semester begins: a total of seven courses in the major
During the eighth semester: enrollment in remaining major course work, any remaining General Education courses, and sufficient semester hours to graduate
Admission to the honors program in Spanish requires a cumulative University of Iowa g.p.a. of at least 3.33 and a g.p.a. of at least 3.50 in Spanish (contact the University of Iowa Honors Program for more information about honors study at Iowa). Graduation with honors in Spanish requires that one course (3 s.h.) taken to complete major requirements be chosen for honors designation, in consultation with the department honors advisor. It also requires registration for 3 s.h. in 035:198 Honors: Research and Thesis. To complete 035:198 Honors: Research and Thesis successfully, students must present an honors thesis written in Spanish and must present it orally to a faculty committee in a meeting conducted in Spanish.
Admission to the honors program in Portuguese requires a cumulative g.p.a. of at least 3.33 and a g.p.a. of at least 3.50 in Portuguese (contact the University of Iowa Honors Program for more information about honors study at Iowa). Graduation with honors in Portuguese requires that students earn 3 s.h. in 038:198 Honors Research and Thesis, plus 3 s.h. in a course chosen in consultation with the department honors adviser. Both courses (6 s.h.) count toward the total 30 s.h. required for the major in Portuguese. Students must write an honors thesis and present it orally to a committee of three faculty members.
The minor in Spanish requires a minimum of 15 s.h. in Spanish courses, including 12 s.h. in 100-level courses taken at The University of Iowa or in a University of Iowa study abroad program. Students must maintain a g.p.a. of at least 2.00 in the minor. Course work in the minor may not be taken pass/nonpass. All courses for the minor must be taught in Spanish.
The minor in Portuguese requires a minimum of 15 s.h. in Portuguese courses, including 12 s.h. in advanced courses taken at The University of Iowa or in a University of Iowa study abroad program. For the minor, courses numbered 038:103 Composition and Conversation and above are considered advanced. Students must maintain a g.p.a. of at least 2.00 in the minor. Course work in the minor may not be taken pass/nonpass.
The department offers several opportunities for students who wish to study Spanish or Portuguese--languages that are spoken in many cultures around the world and are important in the study of literature, art, film, and many other disciplines.
All new students--including transfer students--who have previous course work or other experience with Spanish should take the Spanish Foreign Language Placement Test, offered at no charge during summer orientation programs and monthly by Evaluation and Examination Service. The test helps determine the level at which a student should begin Spanish language study at The University of Iowa. Students should take the test before they register for their first University of Iowa Spanish course.
Students with experience in Portuguese may receive individual evaluations from the department.
The department's language courses are open to any student who has satisfied the specified prerequisites.
The department offers courses in Spanish and in Portuguese that may be used to fulfill the General Education Program foreign language requirement.
The first course in the Spanish sequence, 035:001 Elementary Spanish I, is most appropriate for students who have had no previous experience in Spanish. The Spanish Foreign Language Placement Test determines where students should begin study. Students consult with their advisors.
Once they complete elementary Spanish (either 035:002 Elementary Spanish II or 035:005 Elementary Spanish Review), students take intermediate Spanish (035:011 Intermediate Spanish I and 035:012 Intermediate Spanish II). The accelerated course 035:013 Accelerated Intermediate Spanish combines 035:011 Intermediate Spanish I and 035:012 Intermediate Spanish II into one semester and may be appropriate for some students.
The Portuguese sequence 038:100 Accelerated Elementary Portuguese and 038:101 Accelerated Intermediate Portuguese provides a full two-year course in two semesters. The sequence is open to any student with an interest in the language.
Undergraduate students in other disciplines may fulfill General Education Program requirements with 035:020 Contemporary Spanish American Narrative, and 038:020 Contemporary Brazilian Narrative, which are taught in English. The department offers several other literature, film, and cultural survey courses of general interest that are taught in English.
The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the Henry B. Tippie College of Business offer the Certificate in International Business. The program entails study of international business and economics; international relations and institutions; a foreign language, such as Spanish or Portuguese; and the art, literature, culture, and/or politics of a geographic area. The certificate is designed not only for students who intend to pursue careers in international business but also for those interested in gaining a better understanding of the global economy and a broader awareness of the political, historical, and social environment in which international business operates.
The certificate requires 29 s.h. It offers a wide range of electives, permitting students to tailor areas of specialization to their interests and to complement majors in both liberal arts and sciences and business administration.
For more information, see International Business in the Catalog and contact CLAS Academic Programs & Services in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences or the Undergraduate Program Office in the Tippie College of Business.
The department plays an important and active role in the Latin American Studies Program, an interdisciplinary undergraduate program focusing on the history, politics, social organization, economy, art, music, religion, and literature of Latin America. Work in the program may lead to a certificate or a minor in Latin American studies.
The Certificate in Latin American Studies requires a minimum of 24 s.h. Students must have sufficient competence in Spanish or Portuguese to do background readings in the language before enrolling in the required senior seminar.
See Latin American Studies in the Catalog for detailed information about the certificate or minor.
The department participates in study abroad programs in Spain and Latin America; most of these programs offer both summer and semester or yearlong programs. The programs in Spain include the Board of Regents, State of Iowa, program in Valladolid (summer only); USAC (University Studies Abroad Consortium) programs in Alicante, Bilbao, Madrid, and San Sebastián; and CIEE programs in Alcalá de Henares, Alicante, Barcelona, Madrid, Palma de Mallorca, and Madrid.
The programs in Latin America include USAC programs in Chile (Santiago), Costa Rica (Heredia, Puntarenas, and San Ramón), and Mexico (Puebla); CIEE programs in Argentina (Buenos Aires), Chile (Santiago and Valparaíso), Dominican Republic (Santiago), Mexico (Guanajuato), and Peru (Lima). They also include the CIC Latin America Health, Nutrition, and Environmental Issues Program in Santiago, Dominican Republic, and the CIC Summer Program in Guadalajara, Mexico. For information about other foreign study programs in Spanish, contact the Office for Study Abroad.
Participation in a number of different programs allows the department to offer study abroad opportunities that take into account a variety of student interests and needs. Credit earned in these or other study abroad programs may be applied toward the requirements for the Spanish major or minor. The amount of credit that may be accepted varies according to the program.
Interested students should contact the department's study abroad advisor. Credit earned in study abroad programs other than those listed above counts as transfer credit and is subject to the 15 s.h. maximum allowed for the major and the 3 s.h. maximum allowed for the minor.
The department offers a seven-week program in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil that includes courses in Portuguese language, culture, and literature. Contact the Office for Study Abroad for details.
The department offers two graduate degrees: a Master of Arts and a Doctor of Philosophy in Spanish.
The Master of Arts in Spanish requires 30 s.h. of graduate credit. It offers two emphases: literature, which provides training in literary analysis and broad knowledge of representative works in principal areas of Hispanic literature; and linguistics, which provides training in linguistic analysis and argumentation and broad knowledge of the principal subfields of Hispanic linguistics. Applicants to the M.A. program should have completed the equivalent of the undergraduate Spanish major with a g.p.a. of at least 3.00 in course work for the major.
A maximum of 9 s.h. of graduate credit in approved courses may be transferred from other institutions toward the 30 s.h. required for the M.A.
The M.A. requires the following 10 courses.
| 035:200 Foreign Language Teaching Methods | 3 s.h. |
| Two courses in Spanish linguistics numbered 035:170 and above | 6 s.h. |
| Two courses in Spanish (peninsular) literature numbered 035:170 and above | 6 s.h. |
| Two courses in Spanish American literature numbered 035:170 and above | 6 s.h. |
| One course in literary theory | 3 s.h. |
| Two electives | 6 s.h. |
At least eight of the 10 courses must be taken in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and must be numbered above 035:170. The remaining two may be taken either in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese (numbered above 035:170) or in related departments, subject to approval by the director of graduate studies.
| 035:200 Foreign Language Teaching Methods | 3 s.h. |
| 035:204 Introduction to Spanish Linguistic Analysis | 3 s.h. |
| One course in Spanish or Spanish American literature numbered 035:170 and above | 3 s.h. |
| Two courses in syntax | 6 s.h. |
| Two courses in phonetics/phonology | 6 s.h. |
| One course in history of the Spanish language, language variation, or applied linguistics/language acquisition | 3 s.h. |
| One course in history of the Spanish language or language variation | 3 s.h. |
| Two electives | 6 s.h. |
Of these 10 courses, at least six must be offered by the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and numbered above 035:170. The remaining four may be offered by the Department of Spanish and Portuguese (numbered above 035:170) or the Department of Linguistics.
M.A. students must complete the equivalent of one year of college-level study of any approved second foreign language; Portuguese is highly recommended. They may satisfy this requirement either by examination or through courses taken at The University of Iowa or another accredited university; such course work does not count toward the 30 s.h. required for the M.A.
The M.A. comprehensive examination includes written and oral components. The written portion consists of a two-hour examination in each of three areas; an oral examination follows, usually lasting 90 minutes. The examining committee is composed of four departmental faculty members.
Students in the literature emphasis may choose to be examined in three literature areas or in two literature areas and one linguistics area. At least one literature area must be in Spanish literature and at least one must be in Spanish American literature. If three literature areas are chosen, at least one must represent literature written before 1700 (peninsular or Spanish American).
Students in the linguistics emphasis may choose to be examined in three linguistics areas or in two linguistics areas and one literature area. At least one of the linguistics areas must be in syntax or phonology. For students in both emphases, the third examination area may be a film area.
For reading lists, contact the Department of Spanish and Portuguese.
Maximum course registration is 15 s.h. of graduate-level course work during fall or spring semesters and 8 s.h. of graduate-level work during summer sessions. Students with one-quarter-time and one-third-time teaching assistantships are permitted to register for the maximum study loads. The normal full-time registration for students who hold one-half-time assistantships is three graduate courses in fall and spring semesters; one-half-time assistants may register for a maximum of 12 s.h. in fall and spring semesters and 6 s.h. in summer sessions. Additional semester hours may be taken only with Graduate College approval.
Minimum course registration is 2 s.h. Students who fail to register for a period of 36 months must apply for readmission to the Graduate College.
The Doctor of Philosophy in Spanish requires a total of at least 72 s.h. of graduate credit. Ph.D. students choose from two programs; one is dedicated to Hispanic literatures, the other to Hispanic linguistics. The literature program trains students in textual analysis and literary history, criticism, and theory. The linguistics program provides training in linguistic analysis and theory.
The literature program requires a minimum of 66 s.h. of course work (22 courses), of which 30 s.h. may have been earned for an M.A. in Spanish at The University of Iowa or at another institution, as approved by the director of graduate studies.
The linguistics program requires a minimum of 57 s.h. of course work (19 courses), of which 30 s.h. may have been earned for an M.A. in Spanish at The University of Iowa or at another institution, as approved by the director of graduate studies.
Both programs also require 6 s.h. earned in 035:299 Thesis, to complete the 72 s.h. required for the Ph.D.
Course requirements for each program are as follows.
Students must complete at least 36 s.h. (12 courses) beyond the master's degree (or 22 courses beyond the bachelor's degree). The following courses are required; courses taken for the M.A. may be used to meet part of this requirement.
| Two courses in literary theory | 6 s.h. |
| Three courses in Spanish literature, at least one of which must be pre-1700 literature | 9 s.h. |
| Three courses in Spanish American literature | 9 s.h. |
| One course in cinema | 3 s.h. |
| Two 300-level seminars in literary studies | 6 s.h. |
| One literature course in another Romance language (see "Language and Literature Tool Requirements") | 3 s.h. |
| 035:299 Thesis | 6 s.h. |
Each student's plan of study is tailored to his or her area of emphasis and must be approved by the student's advisory committee. Ph.D. course work in Spanish (taken after the M.A.) must be at the 200 and 300 levels, except the Romance literature course taken for the language tool requirement.
Before the comprehensive examination, students must complete the equivalent of three years of college-level study in another Romance language and become well-acquainted with its literature in limited areas of specialization; the study of Luso-Brazilian literature is highly recommended. This requirement can be satisfied only through course work at The University of Iowa or another accredited university.
The equivalent of one year of college-level study of another approved foreign language also is required. If Portuguese is not the language chosen to fulfill the Romance literature requirement, it must be used for this requirement. Students who choose to write dissertations on topics in Spanish or Portuguese literature before 1700 must have one year of college-level Latin or the equivalent.
Students may satisfy the language tool requirement by examination or by course work at The University of Iowa or at another accredited university; language tool course work does not count toward the 72 s.h. required for the degree.
Students must earn at least 27 s.h. (9 courses) beyond the master's degree (or 19 courses beyond the bachelor's degree). The following courses are required; courses taken for the M.A. may be used to meet part of this requirement.
| 035:206 Spanish Language Acquisition | 3 s.h. |
| 035:207 Topics in Comparative Romance Linguistics | 3 s.h. |
| 035:209 Spanish Phonology | 3 s.h. |
| 035:210 Spanish Syntax | 3 s.h. |
| 103:110 Articulatory and Acoustic Phonetics | 3 s.h. |
| 103:201 Introduction to Syntax | 3 s.h. |
| 103:202 Syntactic Theory | 3 s.h. |
| 103:203 Introduction to Phonology | 3 s.h. |
| One additional course in the dissertation research area | |
| One course in historical linguistics, sociolinguistics/language variation, or language acquisition/psycholinguistics | 3 s.h. |
| One 300-level Hispanic linguistics seminar | 3 s.h. |
| 035:299 Thesis | arr. |
The additional course in the dissertation research area (phonology, syntax, language acquisition, language variation) must be offered by the Department of Spanish and Portuguese or the Department of Linguistics.
Each student's plan of study is tailored to his or her area of emphasis and must be approved by the student's advisory committee. Ph.D. course work in Spanish (taken after the M.A.) must be at the 200 and 300 levels, except some courses offered by the Department of Linguistics and the required third-year-level course in Portuguese (see "Program II Language Tool Requirements" below).
Students in the linguistics track must complete the equivalent of three years of college-level study of Portuguese, and the equivalent of one year of college-level study of each of two other languages. For students specializing in historical linguistics, one of those two languages must be Latin.
Students may satisfy the language tool requirement by examination or by course work at The University of Iowa or at another accredited university. The language tool course work does not count toward the 57 s.h. of prethesis course work required for the degree, except the third-year-level course work in Portuguese, which may be counted with the faculty advisor's approval.
Students in the linguistics track also must make two colloquium presentations and produce two papers of publishable quality, and gain approval for them, in order to proceed to the comprehensive exam. The first paper must be in an area distinct from the dissertation research area and must be written during the second year of course work. The second paper must be in the dissertation research area and must be approved no later than the beginning of the semester in which the student takes the comprehensive exam.
The purpose of the Ph.D. comprehensive examination is to determine whether the student has gained sufficient breadth and depth of research knowledge in Hispanic literatures or linguistics to enter the profession as a teacher-scholar. The examining committee is composed of five departmental faculty members or four departmental faculty members and a fifth faculty member from a related department.
The comprehensive exam for the literature track includes four elements: two broad areas, one specialized area, one article, and an oral exam. Each element is supervised by a different committee member.
The two broad areas comprise lists of approximately 40 readings, which each list covering an established historical period that is tied to the student's Ph.D. course work (one Peninsular, the other Spanish-American). The lists must be approved by the supervisor before distribution to the rest of the committee. Each area is evaluated with a three-hour written exam, which is discussed during the student's oral exam.
The specialized area includes 25-40 secondary works that define the area and are related to the dissertation. the area is examined via a 15-20 page position paper, which is a critical synthesis of the secondary readings and normally becomes part of the dissertation introduction. The list and the paper must be written in consultation with the supervisor and must be approved by the supervisor at least one month before the exam.
The article is a 20-25 page research essay, usually a revised version of a paper written for one of the two required 300-level seminars. The article should be written in consultation with the professor who taught the seminar and with at least two other professors.. It must be approved by the supervisor at least one month before the exam.
The oral exam lasts two hours, with approximately half devoted to the two broad areas and half to the article and the position paper.
The comprehensive exam for the linguistics track includes written and oral components. The written component comprises two weekend take-home exams consisting of linguistic analysis in two subdisciplines distinct from the subdiscipline of the intended dissertation research. The two-hour oral exam consists of one hour devoted to discussion of the second research paper and the other hour devoted to follow-up questions on the written exams.
After the Ph.D. comprehensive examination is completed, the candidate submits a dissertation prospectus for the dissertation committee's approval. The dissertation committee is composed of five faculty members, one of whom must be from outside the department.
Beginning fall 2009, all doctoral dissertations must be submitted to the Graduate College in electronic format.
The dissertation, complete and in final form, must be submitted in the required electronic format at the Graduate College office by the first-deposit deadline date of the session in which the degree is to be conferred. The final deposit of the approved dissertation in electronic format must be deposited at the office by the appropriate deadline in the student's graduation semester.
Students must adhere to the Graduate College regulations regarding preparation of the dissertation copy; consult the Graduate College. For information on the dissertation and final examinations, see the Manual of Rules and Regulations of the Graduate College.
Teaching and research assistantships are available to qualified graduate students. Usually, two years of support are available for completion of the M.A. and four years beyond the receipt of the M.A. for the Ph.D. Applications for financial support should be made directly to the Department of Spanish and Portuguese.
The Language Media Center (LMC) provides students and faculty with a broad range of services and facilities that include a state-of-the-art audio language laboratory, individual audio recording carrels, video viewing rooms for small groups, video viewing stations for individuals, and networked microcomputer and interactive multimedia workstations. The LMC maintains a number of instructional technology classrooms that have special video, audio, and computer equipment for in-class presentations. The center's extensive collection of international media resources on audio tape, videotape, computer diskette, videodisc, and CD-ROM serves learners at many levels and in many disciplines.
