Physics and Astronomy
Chair
Professors
- David R. Andersen (Electrical and Computer Engineering/Physics and Astronomy), Thomas F. Boggess (Physics and Astronomy/Electrical and Computer Engineering), Michael E. Flatté (F. Wendell Miller Professor), John A. Goree, Donald A. Gurnett (Carver/James A. Van Allen Professor of Physics), Richard Hichwa (Radiology/Physics and Astronomy), Philip Kaaret, Paul D. Kleiber (Harriet B. and Harold S. Brady Professor of Laser Physics), Craig A. Kletzing (F. Wendell Miller Professor), Mark T. Madsen (Radiology/Physics and Astronomy), Usha Mallik, Robert L. Merlino, Yannick Meurice, Robert L. Mutel, Yasar Onel, Wayne N. Polyzou, Mary Hall Reno, Vincent G.J. Rodgers, Jack D. Scudder, Frederick N. Skiff, Arthur L. Smirl (Physics and Astronomy/Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lowell Battershell Chair in Laser Engineering), Steven R. Spangler
Professors emeriti
- Louis A. Frank, William H. Klink, George Knorr, Karl E. Lonngren, Edward R. McCliment, John S. Neff, Edwin Norbeck, Gerald L. Payne, John W. Schweitzer
Associate professors
- Kenneth G. Gayley, Cornelia C. Lang, Jane M. Nachtman, John P. Prineas, Craig Pryor, John J. Sunderland (Radiology/Physics and Astronomy), Markus Wohlgenannt
Associate professor emeritus
Assistant professors
- Gregory Howes, Maxim Khodas, Randall McEntaffer, R. Alfredo C. Siochi (Radiation Oncology/Electrical and Computer Engineering/Physics and Astronomy)
Undergraduate majors: physics (B.A., B.S.); applied physics (B.S.); astronomy (B.A., B.S.)
Undergraduate minors: physics; astronomy
Graduate degrees: M.S. in physics; M.S. in astronomy; Ph.D. in physics (optional specializations in astronomy and astrophysics)
Web site: http://www.physics.uiowa.edu
The Department of Physics and Astronomy provides comprehensive and rigorous instruction in all basic aspects of its subjects. It also provides research facilities and guidance in selected specialties for advanced individual scholarly work.
All of the department's courses and advanced laboratories are taught by faculty members. Faculty members also supervise associated laboratories taught by graduate students. Enrollment in courses beyond the elementary level is typically 15 to 20 students; there is ample opportunity for individual work. Special introductory courses are offered for students majoring in physics and astronomy and for others with a special interest in these subjects.
Total enrollment in physics and astronomy courses is approximately 1,700 each semester of the academic year and 150 during the summer session. The department has around 80 undergraduate majors, half of whom are honors students, and 70 graduate students.
About 70 percent of graduates with bachelor's degrees pursue advanced study. Others find positions in government and industrial laboratories and in secondary school teaching. Some use their training as the basis for careers in other fields.
Graduates with an M.S. or Ph.D. in physics or astronomy have opportunities for employment in universities, colleges, and research laboratories in government and industry.
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Undergraduate Programs
- Major in physics (Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science)
- Major in astronomy (Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science)
- Major in applied physics (Bachelor of Science)
- Minor in physics
- Minor in astronomy
Students who wish to earn a double major in physics and astronomy must choose their course work carefully; see "B.A. or B.S.: Double Major in Physics and Astronomy" below. Bachelor of Arts students majoring in physics who are interested in science teaching and in earning a graduate degree may enroll in a joint degree program offered by the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the College of Education; see "Joint B.A./M.A.T. in Science Education" below.
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Bachelor of Science: Physics
The Bachelor of Science with a major in physics requires a minimum of 120 s.h., including at least 64 s.h. of work for the major (minimum of 46 s.h. in physics plus 18 s.h. in supporting course work). The program provides preparation for careers in industry, employment in research laboratories, and graduate study in physics and related sciences.
Bachelor of Science students take calculus and linear algebra in addition to physics courses, which include laboratories, and the department encourages them to do additional work. Students also must complete the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences General Education Program.
The physics major for the Bachelor of Science requires the following courses or their equivalents. Many 100-level physics courses have prerequisites; students should consult their advisors when choosing 100-level courses.
Mathematics
Laboratories
One of these:
Students who choose 029:128 (PHYS:3850) Electronics as one of their two required laboratory courses are advised to take it before they take 029:132 (PHYS:3756) Intermediate Laboratory.
Other Required Courses
One of these sequences:
All of these:
Two of these:
Undergraduate majors who plan to pursue graduate study are advised to go as far as they can beyond the minimum requirements listed above, including further work in mathematics. In planning this work, they should be guided by the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences maximum hours rule: Students earning a B.A. or B.S. may apply a maximum of 50 s.h. earned in one department to the minimum 120 s.h. required for graduation, whether or not the course work is accepted toward requirements for the major; students who earn more than 50 s.h. from one department may use the additional semester hours to satisfy requirements for the major (if the department accepts them), and the grades they earn become part of their grade-point average; but they cannot apply the additional semester hours to the minimum 120 s.h. required for graduation.
Students earning a B.S. with a double major in physics and astronomy may count more than 50 s.h. earned in the Department of Physics and Astronomy to the 120 s.h. required for graduation, but they must earn at least 56 s.h. in course work outside the department in order to graduate.
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Bachelor of Arts: Physics
The Bachelor of Arts with a major in physics requires a minimum of 120 s.h., including at least 46 s.h. of work for the major (minimum of 24 s.h. in physics plus 22 s.h. in supporting course work). The B.A. program requires fewer physics courses than the B.S. program does, giving students a wider choice of electives.
The program is designed for students who wish to build a foundation of knowledge in physics but do not plan a research-oriented career in the discipline. It is appropriate for those planning careers in medicine, law, science-related administration, business, or technical writing. It also is good preparation for students interested in secondary school science teaching; see "B.A. or B.S. with Teacher Licensure" below.
Bachelor of Arts students take calculus in addition to physics courses, which include a laboratory. They also take science courses in a thematic area or the physics course work required for teacher licensure, and the department encourages them to do additional work. Students must complete the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences General Education Program.
The physics major for the Bachelor of Arts requires the following courses or their equivalents. Many 100-level physics courses have prerequisites; students should consult their advisors when choosing 100-level courses.
One of these sequences:
All of these:
One of these:
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B.A. or B.S. with Teacher Licensure
Physics majors interested in earning licensure to teach in elementary and/or secondary schools must complete the College of Education's Teacher Education Program (TEP) in addition to the requirements for the major and all requirements for graduation. The TEP requires several College of Education courses and student teaching. Contact the Office of Education Services for details.
Students must satisfy all degree requirements and complete Teacher Education Program licensure before degree conferral.
Students with a strong interest in science teaching may complete a major offered by the Science Education Program. Students choose from emphases in biology, chemistry, earth science, and physics and earn a Bachelor of Science degree. They may apply for admission to the Teacher Education Program. See Science Education in the Catalog.
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Joint B.A./M.A.T. in Science Education
Students interested in pursuing a graduate degree in teaching may apply to the joint Bachelor of Arts/Master of Arts in Teaching program offered by the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the College of Education. Designed for undergraduates in biology, chemistry, environmental sciences, or physics, the joint program enables students to earn a B.A. and an M.A.T. in five years by beginning to earn graduate credit during their fourth year of undergraduate study and by counting up to 18 s.h. of qualifying credit toward both degrees. For more information, see "B.A./M.A.T. in Science Education" in the Teaching and Learning (College of Education) section of the Catalog. Interested students should consult an advisor.
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Bachelor of Science: Applied Physics
The Bachelor of Science with a major in applied physics requires a minimum of 120 s.h., including at least 65-89 s.h. of work for the major. The program offers four areas of concentration: optics, solid-state electronics, computer science, and medical physics. Total credit required for the major depends on a student's choice of concentration. Students also may design customized concentration areas in close consultation with their advisors and with departmental approval.
The applied physics program is intended primarily for students interested in a broad program of study in physics combined with a significant concentration of courses in a field that has immediate application to industry. The degree provides a foundation for a wide range of employment opportunities in high-technology industries, including research and development, product design and testing, sales, and quality control. It also is designed to include exposure to physics sufficient to allow students to continue with graduate studies in either physics or astronomy.
An essential component of each concentration is successful completion of a one-semester industrial internship or practicum experience in a research laboratory (an applied physics thesis is required for the latter option). This requirement may result in the need for a ninth semester to fulfill all requirements. Because of this, the Four-Year Graduation Plan is not available for the major in applied physics. Well-prepared students will be able to complete the degree in four years. Students should work closely with their advisors on a graduation plan.
All applied physics students complete a common set of courses that includes calculus, linear algebra, physics, and an experiential learning course. They also complete the courses required for their chosen concentration. The department encourages them to take additional course work; advisors can suggest electives that will enrich programs and help students prepare for graduate work.
Students must complete the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences General Education Program.
The major in applied physics requires the following courses. Many 100-level physics courses have prerequisites; students should consult their advisors when choosing 100-level courses.
Common Requirements
Students in all concentrations must successfully complete the following courses or their equivalents.
Mathematics—all of these:
Physics
One of these sequences:
All of these:
Experiential learning—one of these:
Computer Science Concentration
All of these:
One of these:
Optics Concentration
All of these:
Two of these:
Solid-State Electronics Concentration
All of these:
One of these:
Medical Physics Concentration
One of these sequences:
All of these:
One of these:
One of these:
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Bachelor of Science: Astronomy
The Bachelor of Science with a major in astronomy requires a minimum of 120 s.h., including at least 69 s.h. of work for the major. The program provides balanced and integrated course work in astronomy, mathematics, and physics that prepares students for advanced study in astronomy or astrophysics. It also serves as an interesting choice of major for a liberal arts education.
Bachelor of Science students take calculus and linear algebra in addition to physics and astronomy courses, which include laboratories. Students also must complete the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences General Education Program.
The astronomy major for the Bachelor of Science requires the following courses or their equivalents. Required courses 029:137 (ASTR:4850) Astronomical Laboratory and 029:119 (ASTR:3771) Introduction to Astrophysics I are offered every other year; students are responsible for registering for them when they are offered.
Mathematics
Laboratories
One of these:
Other Required Courses
One of these sequences:
All of these:
One of these:
Additional Course Work
Undergraduate majors who plan to pursue graduate study are advised to go as far as they can beyond the minimum requirements listed above, by taking one or more of the courses listed below.
In planning this work, they should be guided by the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences maximum hours rule: Students earning a B.A. or B.S. may apply a maximum of 50 s.h. earned in one department to the minimum 120 s.h. required for graduation, whether or not the course work is accepted toward requirements for the major; students who earn more than 50 s.h. from one department may use the additional semester hours to satisfy requirements for the major (if the department accepts them), and the grades they earn become part of their grade-point average; but they cannot apply the additional semester hours to the minimum 120 s.h. required for graduation.
Students earning a B.S. with a double major in physics and astronomy may count more than 50 s.h. earned in the Department of Physics and Astronomy to the 120 s.h. required for graduation, but they must earn at least 56 s.h. in course work outside the department in order to graduate.
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Bachelor of Arts: Astronomy
The Bachelor of Arts with a major in astronomy requires a minimum of 120 s.h., including at least 55 s.h. of work for the major. The B.A. program requires fewer physics and mathematics courses than the B.S. program does, giving students a wider choice of electives.
The program is designed for students who wish to build considerable knowledge in astronomy but do not plan a research-oriented career in the field. It is appropriate for students planning careers in secondary school science teaching or science-related administration; see Science Education (College of Liberal Arts and Sciences) in the Catalog. It also is appropriate for those planning to earn professional degrees.
Bachelor of Arts students take calculus in addition to physics and astronomy courses, which include laboratories. Students also must complete the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences General Education Program.
The astronomy major for the Bachelor of Arts requires the following courses or their equivalents.
One of these sequences:
All of these:
One of these:
One of these:
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B.A. or B.S.: Double Major in Physics and Astronomy
Students working toward a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science with a double major in physics and astronomy must complete all requirements for both majors and must earn a minimum of 56 s.h. outside the Department of Physics and Astronomy in order to graduate. Students interested in earning a double major should consult with their advisors. See Requirements for a Degree in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Academic Policies Handbook.
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Four-Year Graduation Plan
The following checkpoints list the minimum requirements students must complete by certain semesters in order to stay on the University's Four-Year Graduation Plan. (Courses in the major are those required to complete the major; they may be offered by departments other than the major department.)
B.A.: Astronomy
Before the third semester begins: math through calculus I and II, physics I and II, and at least one-quarter of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the fifth semester begins: physics III and IV, at least one more course in the major, and at least one-half of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the seventh semester begins: three more courses in the major and at least three-quarters of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the eighth semester begins: nine courses in the major
During the eighth semester: enrollment in all remaining course work in the major, all remaining General Education courses, and a sufficient number of semester hours to graduate
B.S.: Astronomy
Before the third semester begins: calculus I and II, physics II, and at least one-quarter of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the fifth semester begins: remainder of the required math courses, physics III and IV, two other courses in the major, and at least one-half of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the seventh semester begins: four more courses in the major and at least three-quarters of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the eighth semester begins: three more courses in the major
During the eighth semester: enrollment in all remaining course work in the major, all remaining General Education courses, and a sufficient number of semester hours to graduate
B.A.: Physics
Before the third semester begins: calculus II, physics II, and at least one-quarter of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the fifth semester begins: physics III and IV, up to four more courses in the major, and at least one-half of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the seventh semester begins: two to four more courses in the major and at least three-quarters of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the eighth semester begins: two or three more courses in the major
During the eighth semester: enrollment in all remaining course work in the major, all remaining General Education courses, and a sufficient number of semester hours to graduate
B.S.: Physics
Before the third semester begins: calculus II, physics II, and at least one-quarter of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the fifth semester begins: physics III and IV, introduction to linear algebra, calculus III, up to two more courses in the major, and at least one-half of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the seventh semester begins: two to four more courses in the major and at least three-quarters of the semester hours required for graduation
Before the eighth semester begins: two or three more courses in the major
During the eighth semester: enrollment in all remaining course work in the major, all remaining General Education courses, and a sufficient number of semester hours to graduate
B.S.: Applied Physics
The Four-Year Graduation Plan is not available for the major in applied physics. Students should work with their advisors to develop individual graduation plans.
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Honors
Physics, applied physics, and astronomy majors who are members of the University of Iowa Honors Program may work toward graduation with honors in their major. During their junior and senior years, they take 6-8 s.h. of 029:099 (PHYS:4999) Undergraduate Research and conduct an investigation under the guidance of a faculty member. They must present a written research report (honors thesis) and describe the results of the research at a departmental seminar.
Membership in the University of Iowa Honors Program requires that students maintain a cumulative University of Iowa g.p.a. of at least 3.33 (contact the University of Iowa Honors Program for more information).
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Minor in Physics
The minor in physics requires a minimum of 15 s.h. in physics, including 12 s.h. taken at The University of Iowa, chosen from 029:029 (PHYS:2703) Physics III, 029:030 (PHYS:2704) Physics IV, and 100-level physics courses. Students must maintain a g.p.a. of at least 2.00 for all work in the minor. Course work in the minor may not be taken pass/nonpass. Before enrolling in 029:029 (PHYS:2703) Physics III, students must complete that course's prerequisites [029:027 (PHYS:1701) Physics I and 029:028 (PHYS:1702) Physics II, or 029:081 (PHYS:1611) Introductory Physics I and 029:082 (PHYS:1612) Introductory Physics II].
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Minor in Astronomy
The minor in astronomy requires a minimum of 15 s.h. in astronomy and physics courses, including 12 s.h. of upper-level course work and 12 s.h. taken at The University of Iowa. Students must maintain a g.p.a. of at least 2.00 for all work in the minor. Course work in the minor may not be taken pass/nonpass.
The upper-level course work must include 6 s.h. chosen from 029:119 (ASTR:3771) Introduction to Astrophysics I, 029:120 (ASTR:3772) Introduction to Astrophysics II, and 029:137 (ASTR:4850) Astronomical Laboratory. Remaining work may be chosen from any 100-level astronomy or physics courses.
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Graduate Programs
- Master of Science in physics (with thesis or critical essay)
- Master of Science in astronomy (with or without thesis)
- Doctor of Philosophy in physics (astronomy and astrophysics specializations available)
Graduate study in physics and astronomy is highly individualized. The department does not offer a Ph.D. in astronomy, but students may pursue a Ph.D. in physics with a specialization and dissertation in astronomy or astrophysics.
Each entering graduate student is assigned a faculty advisor, who assists in preparing a plan of study and in guiding the student's progress. All graduate students who intend to pursue a Ph.D. in physics must pass the qualifying exam (see "Doctor of Philosophy: Physics").
In addition to offering graduate degree programs, the Department of Physics and Astronomy participates in an interdisciplinary doctoral program, the Program in Applied Mathematical and Computational Sciences (Graduate College).
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Master of Science: Physics
The Master of Science program in physics requires a minimum of 30 s.h. of graduate credit. It is offered with thesis or critical essay. The M.S. with thesis requires a thesis based on an original experimental or theoretical investigation by the student. The M.S. with critical essay requires a critical essay on the literature of a particular area of physics.
The M.S. may be a terminal degree or a step toward a Ph.D. In either case, the final examination is oral, conducted by a committee of three faculty members.
Each student's plan of study should provide for as much advanced work as his or her aptitude and previous preparation permit.
All master's degree students in physics must earn the required 30 s.h. of graduate credit in courses numbered 170 or above, with at least 15 s.h. at the 200 level. They must maintain a g.p.a. of at least 3.00.
Students who choose the thesis option must write a thesis based on an original experimental or theoretical investigation that they have conducted. Students may earn a maximum of 6 s.h. in 029:220 (PHYS:7992) Individual Critical Study or 029:281 (PHYS:7990) Research: Physics. Up to one-third of the graduate program may be taken in related scientific fields other than physics and mathematics (e.g., chemistry, astronomy, geology, engineering).
Students who choose the critical essay option must conduct an independent study of the literature on a chosen topic and write a critical essay on that topic. Students may earn a maximum of 4 s.h. in 029:220 (PHYS:7992) Individual Critical Study or 029:281 (PHYS:7990) Research: Physics. Up to one-third of the graduate program may be taken in related scientific fields other than physics and mathematics (e.g., chemistry, astronomy, geology, engineering).
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Master of Science: Astronomy
The Master of Science program in astronomy requires a minimum of 30 s.h. of graduate credit. It is offered either with or without thesis. The M.S. may be a terminal degree or a step toward a Ph.D. in physics with specialization and a dissertation in astronomy or astrophysics. In either case the final examination is oral, conducted by a committee of three faculty members.
Students in the thesis program earn the required 30 s.h. in courses numbered 170 or above, with at least 15 s.h. at the 200 level. They must maintain a g.p.a. of at least 3.00. The 30 s.h. must include at least 6 s.h. chosen from 029:233 (ASTR:6780) Theoretical Astrophysics II, 029:234 (ASTR:6790) Stellar Astrophysics, and 029:235 (ASTR:7775) Special Topics in Astrophysics. Students may earn a maximum of 6 s.h. in 029:220 (PHYS:7992) Individual Critical Study and 029:282 (ASTR:7991) Research: Astronomy. Seminars do not count for credit toward the 30 s.h. requirement. Up to one-third of the course work may be in graduate courses in related fields, such as meteorology, geology, and electrical engineering; selection of such courses is encouraged.
Students in the nonthesis program earn 18 s.h. of the required 30 s.h. in the core graduate courses 029:205 (PHYS:5710) Classical Mechanics, 029:213 (PHYS:5811) Classical Electrodynamics I, 029:214 (PHYS:5812) Classical Electrodynamics II, 029:233 (ASTR:6780) Theoretical Astrophysics II, 029:234 (ASTR:6790) Stellar Astrophysics, and 029:235 (ASTR:7775) Special Topics in Astrophysics. Students must maintain a g.p.a. of at least 3.00 in the core graduate courses. They may earn a maximum of 4 s.h. in 029:220 (PHYS:7992) Individual Critical Study and 029:282 (ASTR:7991) Research: Astronomy. Seminars do not count toward the required 30 s.h. Up to one-third of the course work may be in graduate courses in related fields, such as meteorology, geology, and electrical engineering; selection of such courses is encouraged.
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Doctor of Philosophy: Physics
The Doctor of Philosophy program in physics requires a minimum of 72 s.h. of graduate credit.
Graduate students who wish to pursue a Ph.D. in physics must pass a qualifying examination in all principal areas of physics at the level of advanced undergraduate work. The examination, which may be repeated only once, is given each year before the beginning of the spring semester. Students must pass the qualifying examination before the beginning of their fourth semester of graduate work at The University of Iowa.
All Ph.D. students must take comprehensive examinations; participate in advanced seminars; do original research in experimental physics, theoretical physics, or astrophysics; and prepare and defend a written dissertation based on this work.
The program of study for the Ph.D. with a major in physics includes thorough course work in both classical and quantum physics for all students, whether their specialized research is to be in an experimental or a theoretical area.
Students must take at least 24 s.h. of 200-level courses in the department, excluding 029:220 (PHYS:7992) Individual Critical Study, 029:281 (PHYS:7990) Research: Physics, 029:282 (ASTR:7991) Research: Astronomy, and seminars. The following courses are required.
Advanced mathematics, such as complex variables and tensor analysis, is used freely in these courses. An introduction is given in 029:171 (PHYS:4761) Mathematical Methods of Physics I and 029:172 (PHYS:4762) Mathematical Methods of Physics II. The selection of less advanced course work depends on the adequacy of a student's preparation for graduate work; students' choice of more advanced and specialized courses depends on the direction in which their interests develop.
After a student has chosen a research specialty, he or she must submit a formal thesis proposal and defend the proposal in an oral comprehensive exam. The appropriate thesis advisor then becomes the candidate's general advisor and the chair of the comprehensive and final examination committee. The comprehensive exam must be taken before the beginning of the fourth year of graduate study.
Ph.D. candidates are not recommended for the degree until they have written the dissertation in proper form for formal publication and have submitted it for publication, with the approval of the research advisor, to a widely distributed, refereed scientific journal.
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Admission
Applicants must meet the admission requirements of the Graduate College; see the Manual of Rules and Regulations of the Graduate College or the Graduate College section of the Catalog.
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Financial Support
Students qualified for graduate study are encouraged to apply for fellowships and assistantships. Contact the Department of Physics and Astronomy chair.
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Research, Facilities
The department has an excellent library and a number of well-equipped laboratories and observatories, as well as a student computer cluster for which students can obtain accounts. Faculty, students, and staff access national supercomputers via the Internet. The central machine shop is fully equipped and staffed by skilled instrument makers and machinists, and there are electronics and machine shops for use by advanced students and research staff.
Experimental research is conducted in astronomy (optical, radio, and X-ray), atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, elementary particle physics, laser physics, medical physics, plasma physics, and space physics. Extensive facilities are available for construction of specialized research equipment and for data processing and analysis.
State-of-the-art semiconductor materials and devices are grown in two molecular beam epitaxy machines. Ultrafast laser techniques are developed and used to probe electron transport, energy relaxation, recombination, and spin dynamics in the novel nanostructures grown in these machines. Experiments also are conducted on laser-induced coherent phenomena and coherent control of charge carriers in semiconductor nanostructures. The experimental condensed matter program is closely coordinated with the condensed matter theory group.
Plasma physics is an active area of experimental and theoretical research. Laboratory experiments studying plasma processes of importance in various space and astrophysical plasmas are performed in a Q machine, including experiments on waves and instabilities in dusty plasmas. Additional laboratory and microgravity experiments with dusty plasmas include studies of Coulomb crystals, shocks, and complex fluids. Glow discharges for plasma processing applications are studied using laser diagnostics and numerical simulations. Wave propagation and plasma particle dynamics also are studied in collisionless plasmas through laboratory experiments. Laser techniques are developed for measuring plasma flow and following particle orbits. Plasma theory efforts include analytical and numerical investigations of magnetic reconnection and turbulence in space and astrophysical plasmas; collaboration with laboratory and space plasma experimental groups in strongly coupled dusty plasmas, waves, and instabilities; and free electron lasers and hydrodynamic turbulence.
State-of-the-art laser systems are available for high-resolution spectroscopic measurement and ultrafast studies of molecular structure, for collisional relaxation and nonlinear optical effects in atomic and molecular systems, and for plasma diagnostics.
Experimental research in elementary particle physics is carried out at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CERN in Switzerland, and other international laboratories. The present generation of high-energy experiments has been designed to probe both the strong nuclear force and the weak interactions.
The department is well-equipped for research and instruction in observational astronomy. The primary optical instrument is a fully automated 15-inch telescope at a dark-sky site in Arizona. The telescope is equipped with CCD cameras and a variety of filters. There are 3-meter and 4.5-meter radio telescopes on the roof of Van Allen Hall, which are used for instruction and student research projects.
Research programs in galactic and extragalactic radio astronomy are carried out using the facilities of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, including the Very Large Array and the Very Long Baseline Array, one element of which is 10 miles north of campus. Current long-term research activities include studies of the center of the Milky Way galaxy; investigations of extragalactic radio sources; the formation of powerful winds in young, luminous stars; radio-wave scattering in the interstellar and interplanetary media; and interacting binary stars. A research program in X-ray astronomy has been established, and there is a laboratory for instrument development. Research topics in X-ray astronomy concentrate on observations of X-ray emission from black holes and supernova remnants, using existing spacecraft.
Active theoretical research is carried on in astrophysics; atomic, molecular, and optical physics; condensed matter physics; elementary particle physics; laser physics; mathematical physics; nuclear physics; plasma physics; and space physics. An active mathematical physics seminar fosters the exchange of ideas between mathematics and physics.
The primary emphasis of Iowa's program in experimental and theoretical space physics is on studies of cosmic and heliospheric physics, magnetospheric physics, and magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions. Facilities are available for designing and constructing spaceflight instruments. Investigators in the department have flown instruments for studying plasmas, energetic charged particles, auroral images, plasma waves, and radio emissions on a wide variety of terrestrial and planetary spacecraft, including Pioneer 10 and 11, Dynamics Explorer, Voyager 1 and 2, Galileo, Polar, Cassini, and Mars Express.
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Courses
Prerequisites and corequisites are specified as guides and may be waived by the instructor. The following courses are approved for the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences General Education Program Natural Sciences requirement.
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Physics, Primarily for Undergraduates
| 029:002 (PHYS:1300) Nanoscience | 3 s.h. |
|
Properties of very small materials and structures; unique properties emerging at a length scale of one billionth of a meter, or one nanometer.
GE: Natural Sciences without Lab. | | |
| 029:003 (PHYS:1100) From Quarks to Quasars | 3-4 s.h. |
|
Conceptual explanation of the latest discoveries in physics—from the smallest objects, such as quarks and atoms, to the largest, such as galaxies, black holes, and quasars. Requirements: nonscience major.
GE: Natural Sciences with Lab; Natural Sciences without Lab. | | |
| 029:006 (PHYS:1200) Physics of Everyday Experience | 3 s.h. |
|
Principles of physics for nonscience majors; basic motion, behavior of fluids, waves, temperature and heat, gravity and planetary motion, electricity and magnetism, optics, nuclear energy, radioactivity, and medical imaging technology; examples from everyday experience.
GE: Natural Sciences without Lab. | | |
| 029:027 (PHYS:1701) Physics I | 4 s.h. |
|
Newtonian mechanics for point particles and rigid bodies; conservation laws. Offered fall semesters. Corequisites: 22M:025 (MATH:1850). Requirements: physics or astronomy major.
GE: Natural Sciences with Lab. | | |
| 029:030 (PHYS:2704) Physics IV | 3-4 s.h. |
|
Introduction to quantum mechanics and other topics in modern physics, including special relativity, atomic and solid state physics. Offered spring semesters. Prerequisites: 22M:026 (MATH:1860) and 029:029 (PHYS:2703). Requirements: 3 s.h. only for nonmajors.
| | |
| 029:039 (PHYS:1000) First-Year Seminar | 1 s.h. |
|
Small discussion class taught by a faculty member; topics chosen by instructor; may include outside activities (e.g., films, lectures, performances, readings, visits to research facilities). Requirements: first‑ or second‑semester standing.
| | |
| 029:044 (PHYS:1410) Physics of Sound | 3-4 s.h. |
|
Acoustical foundations of music; production of sound by vibrating objects, properties of sound waves, vocal acoustics, hearing, room acoustics, principles of electroacoustics.
GE: Natural Sciences with Lab; Natural Sciences without Lab. | | |
| 029:098 (PHYS:1999) Undergraduate Seminar | arr. |
|
Selected topics in physics and astronomy; discussion, presentations.
| | |
| 029:099 (PHYS:4999) Undergraduate Research | arr. |
|
Supervised research leading to written report or oral presentation.
| | |
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Physics for Undergraduate and Graduate Students
| 029:133 (PHYS:4750) Advanced Laboratory | 3 s.h. |
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Topics in electricity; electronics; magnetism; atomic, nuclear, plasma, solid state physics; techniques in data analysis, including error analysis.
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| 029:140 (PHYS:3741) Introduction to Quantum Mechanics I | 3 s.h. |
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Superposition principle, Stern‑Gerlach experiment, linear operators, measurement theory, time evolution, angular momentum, wave mechanics in one dimension, one‑dimensional harmonic oscillator, two‑body problems with central forces, the hydrogen atom. Prerequisites: 029:030 (PHYS:2704), 029:115 (PHYS:3710), 22M:027 (MATH:2700), and 22M:028 (MATH:2850).
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| 029:141 (PHYS:3742) Introduction to Quantum Mechanics II | 3 s.h. |
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Perturbation theory, variational methods, WKB approximation, scattering, Helium atom, periodic table, atomic spectroscopy, transition rates, other selected applications. Prerequisites: 029:140 (PHYS:3741).
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| 029:171 (PHYS:4761) Mathematical Methods of Physics I | 3 s.h. |
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Functions of complex variables, integration methods, linear vector spaces, tensors, matrix algebra. Prerequisites: 22M:028 (MATH:2850).
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| 029:180 (PHYS:4720) Introductory Optics | 3 s.h. |
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Geometrical and physical optics; interference; diffraction; polarization; microscopic origins of macroscopic optical properties of matter; optical activity; electro‑optical, magneto‑optical, acousto‑optical phenomena; spontaneous Brillioun, Raman, Rayleigh scattering. Prerequisites: 029:130 (PHYS:3812).
Same as 055:177 (ECE:4720). | | |
| 029:192 (PHYS:4740) Elementary Particles and Nuclear Physics | 3 s.h. |
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Accelerators, particle detectors, passage of radiation through matter; nuclear structure, nuclear reactions; quark model of hadrons; strong, electromagnetic, weak interactions of elementary particles; gauge theories, intermediate vector bosons; unification of electromagnetic and weak interactions. Prerequisites: 029:140 (PHYS:3741).
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| 029:194 (PHYS:4731) Plasma Physics I | 3 s.h. |
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Physics of ionized gases, including orbit theory, guiding center motion, adiabatic invariants, ionization balance description of plasmas by fluid variables and distribution functions; linearized wave motions, instabilities; magnetohydrodynamics. Prerequisites: 029:130 (PHYS:3812).
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| 029:196 (PHYS:4860) Computational Physics | 3 s.h. |
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Introduction to contemporary use of computers by physicists; topics such as numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations in classical mechanics, boundary value problems in electricity and magnetism, eigenvalue problems in quantum mechanics, Monte Carlo simulations in statistical mechanics, methods of data analysis. Prerequisites: 029:115 (PHYS:3710), 029:129 (PHYS:3811), and 029:140 (PHYS:3741).
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Physics, Primarily for Graduate Students
| 029:202 (PHYS:5000) Workshops and Special Training in Physics | arr. |
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Workshops and special training opportunities for postbaccalaureate students; may include collaborations with other departments, institutions, or externally funded research organizations.
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| 029:205 (PHYS:5710) Classical Mechanics | 3 s.h. |
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Dynamics of mass points; Lagrange multipliers, small oscillations, Hamilton's equations; canonical transformations, Hamilton‑Jacobi theory; chaos. Prerequisites: 029:115 (PHYS:3710).
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| 029:206 (PHYS:6710) Nonlinear Dynamics | 3 s.h. |
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Deterministic approach of turbulence and chaotic dynamical systems; qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, perturbation in classical mechanics, erogodicity, bifurcation, universal properties of discrete maps, intermittency, fractals, quantitative characterizations of chaos.
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| 029:212 (PHYS:5730) Statistical Mechanics I | 3 s.h. |
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Probability concepts; kinetic equations; classical and quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics with applications, including ideal and imperfect gases and phase transitions, irreversible processes, fluctuation‑dissipation theorems. Prerequisites: 029:118 (PHYS:3730) and 029:140 (PHYS:3741).
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| 029:213 (PHYS:5811) Classical Electrodynamics I | 3 s.h. |
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Advanced electromagnetostatics, boundary value problems, Green's functions, Maxwell's equations, radiation theory, physical optics, multipole expansion of radiation field. Prerequisites: 029:130 (PHYS:3812).
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| 029:220 (PHYS:7992) Individual Critical Study | arr. |
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Essay on topic chosen in consultation with faculty member. Requirements: candidacy for M.S. with critical essay.
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| 029:224 (PHYS:6726) Laser Principles | 3 s.h. |
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Laser theory, stimulated emission, dispersion theory, broadening mechanisms, rate equations, gain saturation, optical resonators, mode‑locking, Q‑switching techniques, survey of laser types, modes of operation. Requirements: for 029:224 (PHYS:6726) — 029:130 (PHYS:3812); for 055:274 (ECE:6726) — 055:170 (ECE:5700).
Same as 055:274 (ECE:6726). | | |
| 029:228 (PHYS:6822) Topics in Quantum Electronics | 3 s.h. |
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Quantum optics, optical properties of matter, laser science, photonics.
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| 029:240 (PHYS:6002) Medical Physics | 4 s.h. |
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Characteristics of X‑ray machines, nuclear accelerators, teletherapy devices; properties of X‑rays and gamma rays, their interaction with matter; radiation exposure, depth dose measurements; radiation therapy. Offered spring semesters of even years. Requirements: 8 s.h. of physics.
Same as 077:211 (FRRB:6002). | | |
| 029:245 (PHYS:5741) Quantum Mechanics I | 3 s.h. |
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Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, SchrWedinger wave mechanics, Hilbert space methods, perturbation theory, scattering, spin and angular momentum, identical particles, selected applications, introduction to relativistic theory. Prerequisites: 029:140 (PHYS:3741) and 029:141 (PHYS:3742).
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| 029:247 (PHYS:7740) Introduction to Quantum Field Theory | 3 s.h. |
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Quantization of relativistic and nonrelativistic field theories, covariant perturbation theory, theory of renormalization, dimensional regularization, renormalization group theory, introduction to gauge theories and anomalies. Prerequisites: 029:246 (PHYS:5742).
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| 029:248 (PHYS:7840) Quantum Gauge Theories | 3 s.h. |
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Gauge invariance, introductory group theory, Yang‑Mills theories, electroweak theory, quantum chromodynamics, running coupling constants, operator product expansions, Ward identities, spontaneous symmetry breaking, chiral anomalies, instantons, monopoles, effective Lagrangians, supersymmetry, quantum gravity, introduction to string theory. Prerequisites: 029:247 (PHYS:7740).
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| 029:269 (PHYS:7270) Ethics in Physics for Graduate Students | arr. |
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Responsible conduct and ethics training.
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| 029:271 (PHYS:7820) Theoretical Solid State Physics I | 3 s.h. |
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Central principles of the quantum theory of solids; lattice dynamics, electronic structure, optical properties, superconductivity, magnetism; emphasis on viewpoint of elementary excitations. Prerequisites: 029:193 (PHYS:4728) and 029:246 (PHYS:5742).
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| 029:273 (PHYS:7760) General Relativity and Cosmology | 2-3 s.h. |
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Einstein's theory of gravitation; applications to astrophysics and cosmology.
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| 029:275 (PHYS:7746) Particle Physics | 3 s.h. |
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Elementary particle properties and phenomenology, quark‑parton models, quantum chromodynamics, unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions.
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| 029:276 (PHYS:7745) Special Topics in Quantum Mechanics | 3 s.h. |
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Current topics in quantum mechanics, such as string theory, relativistic quantum mechanics, quantum gravity, axiomatic quantum field theory.
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| 029:294 (PHYS:7730) Advanced Plasma Physics I | 3 s.h. |
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Microscopic plasma behavior: statistical mechanics of plasmas; Liouville equation; BBGKY hierarchy; Fokker‑Planck equation and relaxation processes; Balescu‑Lenard equation; Vlasov equation and linearized wave motion; shocks, nonlinear plasma motions, and instabilities; fluctuations and radiation processes; topics from recent literature.
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| 029:299 (PHYS:7604) Ethics in Physics for Postdocs | 0 s.h. |
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Responsible conduct and ethics training.
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Astronomy, Primarily for Undergraduates
| 029:050 (ASTR:1070) Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe | 3-4 s.h. |
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Survey of stars, galaxies, and the universe; life cycles of stars, including black holes and pulsars; diversity of galaxies, including the Milky Way and distant quasars; cosmology—the history, structure, and fate of the universe; current results from recent astronomical observations; night sky observation. Recommendations: closed to physics and astronomy majors.
GE: Natural Sciences with Lab; Natural Sciences without Lab. | | |
| 029:052 (ASTR:1080) Exploration of the Solar System | 3-4 s.h. |
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Survey of the solar system; physical properties of the planets, comets, and asteroids; origin of the solar system; search for extrasolar planetary systems; search for life in the universe; current results of recent planetary space missions; night sky observation. Recommendations: closed to physics and astronomy majors.
GE: Natural Sciences with Lab; Natural Sciences without Lab. | | |
| 029:053 (ASTR:1090) Life in the Universe | 3 s.h. |
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Are we alone? Scientific foundations of this question, technology behind searches for extraterrestrial life in the solar system and on extrasolar planets; evolution of life on Earth, likelihood that such conditions exist elsewhere in the universe; cultural consequences of discovering extraterrestrial life.
GE: Natural Sciences without Lab. | | |
| 029:061 (ASTR:1771) General Astronomy I | 4 s.h. |
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Qualitative and quantitative introduction to the development of astronomy, celestial mechanics, time, electromagnetic radiation, telescopes and astronomical instrumentation, planets, smaller solar system objects; laboratory emphasis on observation with telescopes. Requirements: four years of high school math.
GE: Natural Sciences with Lab. | | |
| 029:062 (ASTR:1772) General Astronomy II | 4 s.h. |
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Continuation of 029:061 (ASTR:1771); qualitative and quantitative introduction to properties and evolution of sun, stars, interstellar matter, galaxies; cosmology; laboratory emphasis on observation with telescopes. Requirements: four years of high school math.
GE: Natural Sciences with Lab. | | |
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Astronomy for Undergraduate and Graduate Students
| 029:119 (ASTR:3771) Introduction to Astrophysics I | 3 s.h. |
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Fundamentals of astrophysical processes in solar system objects, stars, nebulae, interstellar medium, galaxies, cosmology; topics include stellar spectra, binary stars, interstellar gas and dust, stellar and galactic kinematics, stellar evolution, HII regions, radiation processes in galaxies and quasars, mathematical descriptions of the universe. Prerequisites: 22M:027 (MATH:2700), 22M:028 (MATH:2850), 029:030 (PHYS:2704), 029:061 (ASTR:1771), and 029:062 (ASTR:1772). Recommendations: computer programming experience.
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| 029:186 (ASTR:4770) Radio Astronomy | 3 s.h. |
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Survey of radio astronomy, emphasizing technical aspects; radiation, antennas, receivers, radio spectroscopy, interferometer arrays and aperture synthesis; emission mechanisms, pulsars, supernova remnants, radio galaxies.
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Astronomy, Primarily for Graduate Students
| 029:232 (ASTR:6870) Radiative Processes in Astrophysics | 3 s.h. |
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Physical mechanisms for generation of electromagnetic radiation in astrophysics; continuum mechanisms (bremsstrahlung, Compton scattering, synchrotron radiation); spectral line radiation from atoms, molecules, and nulcei, including fine structure effects; fundamental physics of processes; application to astronomical observations.
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| 029:233 (ASTR:6780) Theoretical Astrophysics II | 3 s.h. |
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The interstellar medium: optical properties of small interstellar grains, radiative processes in interstellar gas, structure of HII regions, interstellar shock waves, supernova remnants, modification of interstellar medium by luminous stars, molecular clouds.
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| 029:234 (ASTR:6790) Stellar Astrophysics | 3 s.h. |
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Stellar interiors, nuclear astrophysics; advanced topics.
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| 029:237 (ASTR:6880) High Energy Astrophysics | 3 s.h. |
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Detection of X‑rays and gamma‑rays, analysis of X‑ray data, black holes and neutron stars, accretion onto compact objects, pulsars, supernova remnants, cosmic rays, gamma‑ray bursts.
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| 029:238 (ASTR:6781) Galactic Astronomy | 3 s.h. |
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Structure of the Milky Way galaxy; distance indicators, orbits in the galaxy, spiral structure; evidence for dark matter in the Milky Way, the galactic center; comparison of Milky Way with nearby galaxies.
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| 029:239 (ASTR:6782) Extragalactic Astronomy | 3 s.h. |
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Normal and active galaxies, large scale structure, the early Universe, cosmology.
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| 029:278 (ASTR:7830) Space and Astrophysical Plasma Physics | 3 s.h. |
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Dynamics and evolution of space and astrophysical plasmas; heliosphere, planetary magnetospheres, accretion disks; plasma waves, shock waves, turbulence.
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| 029:282 (ASTR:7991) Research: Astronomy | arr. |
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Original research in observational, theoretical astronomy.
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