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Speech Pathology and Audiology Chair: Paul J. Abbas
Professors: Paul J. Abbas (Speech Pathology and Audiology/Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery), Ruth A. Bentler, Carolyn Jane Brown (Speech Pathology and Audiology/Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery), Kate E. Gfeller (Music/Speech Pathology and Audiology), Richard R. Hurtig, Ingo R. Titze (Speech Pathology and Audiology/Music, UI Foundation Distinguished Professor), J. Bruce Tomblin (Speech Pathology and Audiology/Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Spriestersbach Distinguished Professor in the Liberal Arts), Chris W. Turner (Speech Pathology and Audiology/Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery), Richard S. Tyler (Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery/Speech Pathology and Audiology)
Professors emeriti: Erich S. Luschei, Kenneth L. Moll, Hughlett L. Morris, Arnold M. Small, Duane C. Spriestersbach, Duane R. Van Demark
Professor (clinical): Lenore Holte
Adjunct professors: Fariborz Alipour-Haghighi, Lorraine Ramig
Associate professors: Douglas Baynton (History/Speech Pathology and Audiology), Eileen Finnegan (Speech Pathology and Audiology/Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery), Jean Gordon, Michael P. Karnell (Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery/Speech Pathology and Audiology), Karla McGregor, Jerald B. Moon, Patricia M. Zebrowski
Associate professor emeritus: Charles V. Anderson
Associate professors (clinical): Toni D. Cilek, Ann M. Fennell, Danielle Kelsay, Linda Louko, Diane P. Niebuhr, Anne K. Wallace
Adjunct associate professors: Carolyn Jean Brown, Charles A. Miller, Ronald C. Scherer, Katherine Verdolini, Gerald N. Zimmermann
Assistant professors: Sandie Bass-Ringdahl, Shawn J. Goodman, Amanda Owen
Assistant professors (clinical): Karen Bryant, Stephanie Fleckenstein
Adjunct assistant professors: Kelly Schmidt-Clay, Alice Smith, Brad Story, Gail Takahashi
Adjunct instructors in practicum instruction: Barbara Anderson, Emily Andrews, Julie Bridges, Paige Burden, Debora Downey, Suzanne Dunn, Leisha Eiten, Katherine Emrich, Barbara A. Gienapp, Peggy Gingerich, Daniel Hansen, Emily Hart, Rebecca Hubbard, Judith Knabe, Claudia L. Knutson, Marsha Barth Leick, Mary Lowder, Pena Lubrica, Mary F. Lukas, Joan D. Marttila, Elizabeth Merrifield, Rebecca R. Miller, Kelly Nepple, Aaron Packer, Debra K. Robin, Janette Rogers, Sandra D. Show, Christine Troxell
Undergraduate degree: B.A. in Speech and Hearing Science
Graduate degrees: M.A. in Speech Pathology and Audiology, Ph.D. in Speech and Hearing Science, Au.D.
Web site: http://www.shc.uiowa.edu The courses and degree programs of the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology are planned to meet the needs of students preparing for careers in clinical service, college and university teaching, and research concerned with speech, language, or hearing processes and disorders. The department also offers courses for students with vocational and professional goals in other fields--for example, engineering, psychology, education, speech, theatre arts, dentistry, and medicine--whose preparation may be enriched by the study of speech and hearing processes and their disorders. Advanced degree holders in this field provide clinical services for people with speech, hearing, or language problems in hospitals, community clinics, rehabilitation facilities, elementary and secondary schools, and private practice. They teach in colleges and universities and conduct research in laboratories concerned with communication processes and disorders. All of the department's professional programs leading to the M.A. or Au.D. are accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Undergraduate Program The department offers a Bachelor of Arts in speech and hearing science. The program emphasizes the normal processes of speech, hearing, and language. Since the Master of Arts or Doctor of Audiology is the minimum level of preparation for persons seeking professional careers in this field, the undergraduate curriculum leading to the B.A. in speech and hearing science does not qualify an individual to work professionally in the field. Instead, it is designed primarily to prepare students for graduate work. It also may be pursued by students earning College of Liberal Arts and Sciences degrees who are not seeking careers in speech pathology and audiology. Bachelor of Arts The Bachelor of Arts in speech and hearing science requires 55-56 s.h. in the major, including nine core courses offered by the department and eight cognate courses offered by other departments. Students may choose cognate courses that also help complete the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences General Education Program. The requirements are as follows. All of these:
| 003:015 Introduction to Speech and Hearing Processes and Disorders |
3 s.h. |
| 003:110 Phonetics: Theory and Applications |
3 s.h. |
| 003:111 Basic Acoustics for Speech and Hearing |
3 s.h. |
| 003:112 Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production |
4 s.h. |
| 003:113 Introduction to Hearing Science |
4 s.h. |
| 003:116 Basic Neuroscience for Speech and Hearing |
3 s.h. |
| 003:117 Psychology of Language |
3 s.h. |
| 003:118 Language Development |
3 s.h. |
| 003:185 Hearing Loss and Audiometry |
3 s.h. |
| 031:001 Elementary Psychology |
3 s.h. |
| 103:100 Introduction to Linguistics |
3 s.h. |
One of these:
| 22S:030 Statistical Methods and Computing |
3 s.h. |
One of these:
| 004:011 Principles of Chemistry I |
4 s.h. |
| 029:008 Basic Physics (preferably with lab) |
4 s.h. |
One of these:
| 031:013 Introduction to Clinical Psychology |
3 s.h. |
| 031:063 Abnormal Psychology: Health Professions |
3 s.h. |
| 042:108 Basic Aspects of Aging |
3 s.h. |
One of these:
| 031:014 Introduction to Child Development |
3 s.h. |
One of these:
| 002:002 Introductory Animal Biology (with lab) |
4 s.h. |
| 002:010 Principles of Biology I (with lab) |
4 s.h. |
One of these:
| 22M:015 Mathematics for the Biological Sciences |
4 s.h. |
| 22M:016 Calculus for the Biological Sciences |
4 s.h. |
First-year calculus is encouraged, particularly for those who are interested in pursuing a graduate degree in audiology. Transfer students must complete a minimum of 15 s.h. in departmental courses at The University of Iowa. Students have the opportunity and are encouraged to obtain 25 hours of supervised clinical observation, a prerequisite for participation in clinical practicums at the graduate level. This requirement is satisfied by completion of independent observations or required observations made for elective departmental courses. Four-Year Graduation Plan The following checkpoints list the minimum requirements students must complete by certain semesters in order to stay on the University's Four-Year Graduation Plan. (Courses in the major are those required to complete the major; they may be offered by departments other than the major department.) Note: The major requires specific mathematics and science competencies that may be satisfied with courses approved for the General Education Program. Before the third semester begins: at least one-quarter of the semester hours required for graduation Before the fifth semester begins: three courses in the major and at least one-half of the semester hours required for graduation Before the seventh semester begins: nine courses in the major and at least three-quarters of the semester hours required for graduation Before the eighth semester begins: 12 courses in the major During the eighth semester: enrollment in all remaining course work in the major, all remaining General Education courses, and a sufficient number of semester hours to graduate Honors The junior/senior-year program leading to the B.A. with honors in speech and hearing science is open to students who, at the beginning of their junior year, have completed at least 10 s.h. of course work that can be counted toward a major in the department and have earned a g.p.a. of at least 3.50 in all course work at the University. At any time during their undergraduate study, students who have a cumulative University of Iowa g.p.a. of at least 3.33 and who did not enter the University as honors students may enroll in the University of Iowa Honors Program (contact the University of Iowa Honors Program for more information). Students with a g.p.a. of 3.50 or higher may enter the department's honors program upon recommendation of the departmental honors advisor. To graduate with honors, students must be members of the University of Iowa Honors Program and must complete both 003:097 Honors Seminar and 003:098 Honors Thesis. Students register for 003:097 in the spring of their junior year and for 003:098 in both fall and spring of their senior year. Graduate Programs The department offers a Master of Arts in speech pathology and audiology, with two emphases: research (general), and professional (speech-language pathology). It also offers the Doctor of Audiology (Au.D.), and a Doctor of Philosophy in speech pathology and audiology. The M.A. with research emphasis and the Ph.D. are designed to train scholar-researchers; they do not provide preparation for professional work as speech-language pathologists or audiologists. The M.A. with professional emphasis and the Au.D. provide training for individuals who wish to do clinical work in speech-language pathology or audiology. Graduates of the M.A. professional emphasis program meet all academic and practicum requirements for clinical certification by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and for licensure by the State of Iowa. The Au.D. is required for ASHA national certification in audiology. Students preparing for clinical positions in public schools must meet school licensure or certification requirements of the states in which they plan to work. See "Public School Licensure" later in this section. Requirements for Employment A number of states, including Iowa, require a state license in speech-language pathology or audiology for persons who work in settings other than the public schools. Students who meet the requirements listed below for the M.A. with professional emphasis also meet the academic requirements for the license in Iowa as well as in most other states. In 2007 the requirements to earn American Speech-Language-Hearing Association national certification in audiology changed. Certification now requires a clinical doctoral degree (Doctor of Audiology) or the equivalent. Currently, it is not known how this change will affect Iowa licensure. Students preparing for careers in audiology should consult their advisors. Master of Arts with Research Emphasis The Master of Arts in speech pathology and audiology with research emphasis (general emphasis) requires a minimum of 38 s.h. of graduate credit. The program is designed for students who intend to pursue a Ph.D. or who seek additional education but do not intend to work professionally in the United States as speech-language pathologists or audiologists. It typically includes a substantial portion of the courses in the M.A. with professional emphasis and Au.D. curricula. Students in the M.A. research emphasis program are required to complete a thesis and defend their research successfully at a final oral examination. The program typically requires two years to complete. Specific course work required depends on the student's background and interests. Master of Arts with Professional Emphasis The Master of Arts in speech pathology and audiology with professional emphasis in speech-language pathology requires a minimum of 38 s.h. of graduate credit. The program prepares clinicians in speech-language pathology or audiology to be able to function independently in a variety of clinical settings. Graduates of the program meet all academic and practicum requirements for clinical certification by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and for licensure by the State of Iowa. The program is designed to ensure that upon graduation, the student will meet requirements for immediate professional employment. M.A. students usually have a background of undergraduate courses in speech and hearing science, psychology of language, and human behavior that is equivalent to an undergraduate major in speech and hearing science at The University of Iowa. Before registering in the program, entering M.A. students receive descriptive materials about basic science core courses considered to be required preparation for the M.A. program, and required M.A. clinical core courses for which the department may accept comparable courses taken at the undergraduate level. Decisions about incorporating background course work in these areas are made by the faculty advisor in consultation with the student and the instructors of the basic science or clinical core courses. Entering students must have completed the following courses or their equivalents.
| 003:110 Phonetics: Theory and Applications |
3 s.h. |
| 003:111 Basic Acoustics for Speech and Hearing |
3 s.h. |
| 003:112 Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production |
4 s.h. |
| 003:113 Introduction to Hearing Science |
4 s.h. |
| 003:116 Basic Neuroscience for Speech and Hearing |
3 s.h. |
| 003:117 Psychology of Language |
3 s.h. |
or
| 003:118 Language Development |
1-3 s.h. |
| 003:185 Hearing Loss and Audiometry |
3 s.h. |
| 07P:025 Elementary Statistics and Inference |
3 s.h. |
| Biology, physics, chemistry, or mathematics courses |
|
| (must include at least one biology, physics, or |
|
| Behavioral science or social science courses |
|
| (must include at least one psychology course) |
6 s.h. |
Students pursuing the M.A. with professional emphasis must complete at least 4 s.h. of work related to research. This may be accomplished by any combination of enrollment in seminars (2 s.h. each) and/or research hours. Completion of the research hours may consist of work toward a thesis or preparation of a paper involving one or a combination of the following: literature review, prospectus development, and presentation of data. A paper is required at the end of each semester's enrollment. An exception to this requirement can be made in the case of research hours leading to a thesis. Candidates for an M.A. with professional emphasis in speech-language pathology are not required to complete a thesis, although all students demonstrating research aptitude and interest are encouraged to do so. Students who do not elect the thesis option are required to take final written comprehensive examinations. A typical M.A. professional emphasis program usually takes two calendar years to complete but may take longer, depending on the student's background and personal interests. CORE REQUIREMENTS All students seeking an M.A. with professional emphasis in speech-language pathology must take the following.
| 003:135 Foundations of Clinical Practice I |
3 s.h. |
| 003:136 Foundations of Clinical Practice II |
1 s.h. |
| 003:137 Foundations of Clinical Practice III |
1 s.h. |
In addition, they must take the following courses unless they completed equivalent courses as undergraduates.
| 003:114 Introduction to Voice Disorders |
2 s.h. |
| 003:115 Structural Disorders |
2 s.h. |
| 003:116 Basic Neuroscience for Speech and Hearing |
3 s.h. |
| 003:140 Manual Communication |
1 s.h. |
| 003:145 Developmental Speech and Language Disorders |
3 s.h. |
| 003:146 Neurogenic Disorders of Language |
3 s.h. |
| 003:147 Neurogenic Disorders of Speech |
2 s.h. |
| 003:183 Introduction to Stuttering |
2 s.h. |
| 003:185 Hearing Loss and Audiometry |
3 s.h. |
| 003:244 Rehabilitative Audiology |
3 s.h. |
Students must take 003:510 Seminar: Introduction to Research in Speech and Hearing (1 s.h.) during the fall semester of their first year. They must take 003:515 Proseminar (0 s.h.) during the fall and spring semesters of their first year. Also required are additional semester hours of practicum registration sufficient to meet supervised, direct clinical experience requirements for the Certificate of Clinical Competence of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and the Iowa license, and to provide broad, supervised practicum experience. In addition to the core requirements listed above, all students preparing to be speech-language pathologists must take a minimum of 12 s.h. from the following.
| 003:201 Principles of Voice Production |
3 s.h. |
| 003:206 Language Disorders in Children 0-18 Years |
3 s.h. |
| 003:222 Speech and Hearing Anatomy (dissection) |
2 s.h. |
| 003:236 Swallowing Disorders |
2 s.h. |
| 003:237 Cleft Palate and Related Disorders |
2 s.h. |
| 003:260 Designing Assistive Devices |
1-3 s.h. |
| 003:282 Phonological Development and Disorders |
2 s.h. |
| 003:350 Preceptorship in Augmentative Communication |
1 s.h. |
| 07E:104 Remedial Methods in Speech and Hearing |
2 s.h. |
Students also must earn a total of 4 s.h. in 003:590 Research; or 4 s.h. by taking two seminar courses (e.g., 003:521 and 003:523); or 4 s.h. in a combination of research and seminar courses. Doctor of Audiology The Doctor of Audiology (Au.D.) requires 95 s.h. of graduate credit. Individuals who wish to work as audiologists in the United States must hold a clinical doctoral degree or the equivalent. The four-year Au.D. program is designed for students with an undergraduate degree in speech pathology and hearing science. Au.D. students must complete the following courses. They may be excused from taking courses whose equivalents they completed successfully during undergraduate study.
| 22M:016 Calculus for the Biological Sciences (or one semester of calculus) |
4 s.h. |
| 003:135 Foundations of Clinical Practice I |
3 s.h. |
| 003:145 Developmental Speech and Language Disorders |
3 s.h. |
| 003:219 Fundamentals of Laboratory Instrumentation |
3 s.h. |
| 003:224 System and Signal Theory for Speech and Hearing Science |
3 s.h. |
| 003:230 Advanced Hearing Science and Speech Perception |
4 s.h. |
| 003:244 Rehabilitative Audiology |
3 s.h. |
| 003:255 Educational Audiology |
2 s.h. |
| 003:256 Physiology of Hearing |
3-4 s.h. |
| 003:290 Objective Measures I |
3 s.h. |
| 003:291 Objective Measures II |
3 s.h. |
| 003:292 Advanced Rehabilitative Audiology |
3 s.h. |
| 003:311 Clinical Practice in Audiology |
2-3 s.h. |
| 07P:243 Intermediate Statistical Methods |
4 s.h. |
or
| 171:161 Introduction to Biostatistics |
3 s.h. |
Students also must select a minimum of three courses from the following electives; one must be a seminar. With their advisors' consent, students may substitute other University of Iowa course work to satisfy this requirement.
| 003:222 Speech and Hearing Anatomy |
2 s.h. |
| 003:243 Hearing Aid Assembly and Repair |
2 s.h. |
| 003:526 Seminar: Rehabilitative Audiology |
1 s.h. |
| 003:535 Seminar: Evoked Potentials |
2 s.h. |
| 003:537 Seminar: Clinical Audiology |
2 s.h. |
| 003:538 Seminar: Auditory Physiology |
2 s.h. |
| 07E:104 Remedial Methods in Speech and Hearing |
2 s.h. |
| 068:199 Basic Otolaryngologic Science |
2 s.h. |
| 132:180 Fundamental Neurobiology |
4 s.h. |
| 158:101 Topics in Deaf Studies |
3 s.h. |
| 158:110 Teaching Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students |
3 s.h. |
Doctor of Philosophy The Doctor of Philosophy in speech and hearing science requires a minimum of 72 s.h. of graduate credit. The program provides flexible, comprehensive training for scholar-researchers interested in communication processes and their disorders. Students with diverse backgrounds in the natural and behavioral sciences are encouraged to apply and develop their skills in an atmosphere of interdisciplinary research. The Ph.D. program reflects the broad interests of its multidisciplinary faculty, whose members have diverse backgrounds in speech, language, hearing, engineering, physiology, physics, psychology, linguistics, and bioengineering. Faculty members are committed to an interdisciplinary approach to questions at every level of the speech and language production/perception system. The purpose of the doctoral program is to provide the integrated knowledge necessary for a productive career in speech-language pathology and audiology, communication science, and related areas. The department encourages candidates with special interests, goals, or backgrounds to develop individualized programs of study. There are no required courses for the Ph.D.; rather, a program of study is developed by each student in consultation with a faculty committee. The course of study is developed from courses offered by the department, courses in other areas (e.g., physics, engineering, psychology, mathematics, statistics, physiology, neurology, anatomy, and others), and special reading and research experiences. The following courses are offered by the department of Speech Pathology and Audiology primarily for Ph.D. students. (Students interested in specific areas of research and selected publication citations of the faculty are encouraged to write to the department.)
| 003:201 Principles of Voice Production |
3 s.h. |
| 003:219 Fundamentals of Laboratory Instrumentation |
3 s.h. |
| 003:224 System and Signal Theory for Speech and Hearing Science |
3 s.h. |
| 003:230 Advanced Hearing Science and Speech Perception |
4 s.h. |
| 003:251 Biomechanics of Speech |
4 s.h. |
| 003:256 Physiology of Hearing |
3-4 s.h. |
| 003:511 Introduction to Doctoral Research (taken spring of the first year) |
1 s.h. |
In addition, seminars offered by the department cover a broad range of topics relevant to doctoral study. Students in the Ph.D. program usually are expected to register for research credit (003:590 Research) during each semester of residence and to register for and participate in 003:515 Proseminar. Knowledge in each of the areas of hearing, speech, language, mathematics, statistics, computer science, and instrumentation is required of all students. Decisions regarding the extent of this knowledge and how it is obtained (e.g., course work or independent study) are made jointly by the student and the student's faculty committee. Doctoral students who have not written a master's thesis must complete the equivalent of a master's thesis project as well as the comprehensive examination. They also must successfully complete and submit a dissertation based on original research. Public School Licensure Students preparing for clinical positions in public schools typically must meet school licensure or certification requirements of the states in which they plan to work. The following criteria meet the requirements for endorsement as speech-language pathologists or audiologists in Iowa and most other states. A master's degree with professional emphasis in speech-language pathology or audiology Completion of an approved human relations component Completion of courses that cover the education of the disabled and the gifted and talented (e.g., exceptional persons, education of the gifted) Completion of the requirements in speech-language pathology or audiology and the 20 s.h. professional education sequence, including 07E:104 Remedial Methods in Speech and Hearing and 07E:192 Special Area Student Teaching as a speech-language pathologist or audiologist; course work in the following areas must be completed to meet the professional education sequence: Curriculum (e.g., reading, methods, curriculum development) Foundations (e.g., philosophy of education, foundations of education) Educational measurement (e.g., tests and measurements, measures and evaluations of instruction) Educational psychology (e.g., educational psychology, counseling theories and techniques) Special education (e.g., introduction to special education, exceptional persons, learning disabilities) Child development (e.g., human growth and development, principles and theories of child development, history and theories of early childhood education) Note: General Education Program courses (e.g., introduction to psychology, sociology, history, literature, and humanities) do not meet the requirements of the professional education sequence. Admission The Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology has requirements for admission that supplement those specified by the Graduate College. A brief summary of department requirements is presented below. More detailed information is available from the department's director of graduate studies. All applicants for admission to graduate study in the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology must complete the Graduate College application form. In addition, they must complete the department's information form, available from the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology. Applicants must meet the admission requirements of the Graduate College; see the Manual of Rules and Regulations of the Graduate College or the Graduate College section of the Catalog. M.A. and Au.D. Admission The department bases M.A. admission on applicants' credentials relative to those presented by other applicants for the same term. While an undergraduate g.p.a. above 3.20 does not ensure admission, the department admits few applicants with an undergraduate g.p.a. below 3.20. Completed applications must be received no later than January 15 for entry the next summer session or fall semester. Later applications are considered only in special situations. Applications for spring semester entry are considered only under special circumstances and only if received no later than the preceding November 1. Ph.D. Admission Completed applications should be received by February 1 for summer session and fall semester entry and November 1 for spring semester entry. Applicants who want to be considered for graduate appointments must file the admission application by February 1. Applicants usually are notified of action on their admission within six weeks of the application deadline. Financial Support The following information applies to all financial appointments administered by the department. For more detailed information, contact the Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology director of graduate studies. Graduate appointments usually begin only in fall semester. Students beginning study spring semester or summer session are considered for appointments for the following fall semester. Appointment applications must be received by January 15 to ensure consideration for an appointment beginning the following fall semester. Initial appointment offers generally are made between April 1 and June 1; however, the department continues to make offers after this time. Scores on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) General Test are required for consideration for financial assistance. Clinical Facilities The clinical training program benefits greatly from Iowa City's standing as the principal health center of the state, and from the ready availability of health service facilities for clinical training of students in speech-language pathology and audiology. The University of Iowa Affiliated Speech and Hearing Services include the Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Clinic; the division of speech and hearing in the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC) Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery; UIHC Consolidated Speech and Swallowing Services, which provides services to the Departments of Neurology, Child Psychiatry, and Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery; speech and hearing services in the Center for Disabilities and Development; Pediatrics Regional Child Health Specialty Clinics; and the audiology and speech pathology service in the Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System. Directors of these programs form the Council on Speech Pathology and Audiology at The University of Iowa. The Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Clinic serves the University and the general public. Included in its services are outpatient evaluation and rehabilitation programs for speech, hearing, and language problems; one-week intensive summer programs in stuttering, language development, reading, and aural rehabilitation; and a six-week summer preschool program for hearing-impaired children. These clinical programs give students supervised clinical experience with a wide variety of speech, hearing, and language disorders. In addition to the clinical training in the Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Clinic, training also may be acquired in supervised clinical practice with elementary school children through various state area education agencies; and in supervised clinical practice in speech, language, and hearing services provided by the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Consolidated Speech and Swallowing Services, the Regional Child Health Specialty Clinics, Center for Disabilities and Development, and the Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System. Public and private departments and programs in addition to those mentioned above often contribute to the cooperative professional training, research, and service programs. Research Facilities Facilities in the Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Center include audiometric testing suites, diagnostic and remediation suites, equipment for diagnosis and therapy, a closed-circuit television system, and laboratories and equipment for acoustic, physiologic, and perceptual studies of speech, and for audiologic, psychoacoustic, and neurophysiologic studies of hearing. Mechanical and electronic shops and trained technical personnel are available for assistance in research instrumentation. Cooperation with varied departments in the Carver College of Medicine and the College of Dentistry makes additional laboratory facilities available for research on problems in speech and hearing. The participation and cooperation of specialists from various fields, including psychology, child development, education, engineering, statistics, and medicine, further broaden the scope of research activities in speech and hearing.
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